{"id":1671,"date":"2015-11-03T20:33:33","date_gmt":"2015-11-03T19:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/?page_id=1671"},"modified":"2020-01-13T19:42:48","modified_gmt":"2020-01-13T18:42:48","slug":"moyen-age-un-age-sombre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/excursions-journalieres-a-theme\/moyen-age-un-age-sombre\/","title":{"rendered":"Moyen \u00c2ge un \u00ab\u00a0\u00e2ge sombre\u00a0\u00bb?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22&Prime;][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Le-Castella.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbMoyen \u00c2ge, \u00e2ge sombre, sites m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux et villes fortifi\u00e9es gouvern\u00e9es par des seigneurs et des princes\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMoyen \u00c2ge, \u00e2ge sombre, sites m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux et villes fortifi\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.0.87&Prime; animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]&nbsp;<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22&Prime; custom_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&Prime; custom_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb10px|0px|50px|0px\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25&Prime; background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_code]<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/span><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@context\": \"http:\/\/schema.org\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"NewsArticle\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"mainEntityOfPage\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"WebPage\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"headline\": \"Middle Ages, Dark Ages, medieval sites day tour\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"image\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Castel-Del-Monte.jpg\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"height\": 800,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"width\": 800<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"datePublished\": \"2015-11-03T20:33:00+08:00\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"dateModified\": \"2017-08-05T10:58:00+08:00\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"author\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Person\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Daniel Tesfamikael\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"publisher\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Organization\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Sightseeing in Italy\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"logo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/cropped-logo-Sightseeing-in-Italy-347kb-2.jpg\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"width\": 600,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"height\": 60<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"This period\u00a0saw the birth of the main universities and of the most important Gothic cathedrals. A phenomenon called \u201cencastellation\u201d that sees everywhere in Europe a proliferation of fortified settlements. The Castle can be a fortified building. As well as a whole walled village. And even a village without any fortification.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.1&Prime; text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb border_width_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb#e09900&Prime; hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\">Moyen \u00c2ge, \u00e2ge sombre, sites m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.1&Prime; text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime; text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]Le Moyen \u00c2ge reconnu aussi comme les \u00ab \u00e2ges sombres\u00ab , normalement plac\u00e9 dans une p\u00e9riode inconnue, mais qui a vu la naissance des principales universit\u00e9s et la r\u00e9alisation des plus importantes cath\u00e9drales gothiques.<\/p>\n<p>Avec la fin de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_romain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Empire Romain <\/a>les permanentes invasions barbares ont forc\u00e9 les gens \u00e0 quitter les plaines pour se r\u00e9fugier sur les hauteurs, o\u00f9 c\u2019\u00e9tait plus facile de se d\u00e9fendre. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne appel\u00e9 \u00abembastillement\u00bb qui voit partout en Europe, au d\u00e9but du Xe si\u00e8cle, une prolif\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9tablissements fortifi\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Souvent on r\u00e9utilisait des sites que, pour leur position facilement d\u00e9fendable et avec une large visuelle, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 centre de \u00ab\u00a0castellieri\u00a0\u00bb , des fortifications de populations locales \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque pr\u00e9-romaine.<\/p>\n<h5>Le b\u00e2timent fortifi\u00e9 et la muraille du village<\/h5>\n<p>Le ch\u00e2teau indique, sans une r\u00e8gle sp\u00e9cifique, soit le b\u00e2timent fortifi\u00e9 soit tout le village entour\u00e9 par des murs, et m\u00eame le village sans aucune fortification. En fait, le ch\u00e2teau est une sorte de cam\u00e9l\u00e9on qui s\u2019origine et se d\u00e9veloppe avec des transformations permanantes pendant les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9poques. Il est infiniment grand et int\u00e8gre toute une ville ou il peut avoir des dimensions r\u00e9duites, comme une maison, sans un mur d\u2019enceinte ni des structures d\u00e9fensives sp\u00e9ciales, avec quelques ouvertures et une seule entr\u00e9e bien d\u00e9fendue.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00a0\u00bb1990,26916,26919,26922&Prime; show_pagination=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.0.92&Prime; title_font=\u00a0\u00bb|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb title_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14&Prime; text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb pagination_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb51&Prime; pagination_line_height_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb2&Prime; box_shadow_style_image=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2&Prime;]&nbsp;<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.1&Prime; text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime; text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h5>Les r\u00e8gles du ch\u00e2teau<\/h5>\n<p>Le ch\u00e2teau \u00e9tait, selon les cas, l\u2019habitation du seigneur f\u00e9odal, le centre administrative et politique du fief, le quartier de la garnison militaire: des fonctions souvent superpos\u00e9es sans aucune distinction. Le ch\u00e2teau reste le symbole incontest\u00e9 du Moyen Age, bien que le terme est utilis\u00e9 pour indiquer des forteresses datant bien plus tard. Dans la forme la plus commune du ch\u00e2teau \u00ab classique \u00bb avec de hautes tours, c\u2019est celui d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 approximativement de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1000 \u00e0 1400. Mais la physionomie change compl\u00e8tement quand les armes \u00e0 feu font leur apparition pendant les si\u00e8ges aux forteresses.<\/p>\n<h5>Le sens de la tour<\/h5>\n<p>Pour s\u2019installer de fa\u00e7on permanente dans un territoire et se d\u00e9fendre, l\u2019homme a toujours fortifi\u00e9 les centres habit\u00e9s. Et il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un certain nombre de postes pour contr\u00f4ler les routes d\u2019acc\u00e8s p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, pour exiger des p\u00e9ages et surtout pour signaler en avance l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des ennemis potentiels.<\/p>\n<p>Pour cr\u00e9er des structures stables d\u2019observation, la tour a toujours repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le meilleur compromis entre le co\u00fbt et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9. Situ\u00e9e sur un terrain \u00e9lev\u00e9 avec une grande visibilit\u00e9, elle voyait les autres tours et, ensemble, elles cr\u00e9\u00e9aient une \u00abcha\u00eene\u00bb optique pour envoyer des messages vers les principales ch\u00e2teaux \u00e0 travers la fum\u00e9e pendant le jour, le feux pendant la nuit et les cloches pendant le brouillard. Souvent, pour les longues distances, on utilisait des pigeons voyageurs.<\/p>\n<p>Dans chaque territoire on trouvait un systeme int\u00e9gr\u00e9 assez complexe o\u00f9 les clochers et les maisons isol\u00e9es n\u2019\u00e9taient pas \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n<h5>Le Ch\u00e2teau<\/h5>\n<p>De simple donjon avec une enceinte de dimensions minimales, le ch\u00e2teau aux formes plus complexes s\u2019enrichie de plusieurs ordres d\u2019enceinte de murailles, de foss\u00e9s, des compartimentages successifs et plusieurs entr\u00e9es. Au sujet du ch\u00e2teau, les synonymes abondent donc c\u2019est utile de faire quelques distinctions:<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e2teau: c\u2019est l\u2019ensemble architectural fortifi\u00e9 de la p\u00e9riode m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, centre permanent ou temporaire du seigneur f\u00e9odal ou d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 reconnue;<\/p>\n<p>Fortresse: synonyme de ch\u00e2teau, mais principalement utilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9finir des fortins d\u00e9pourvus des corps r\u00e9sidentiels;<\/p>\n<p>Manoir: au Moyen \u00c2ge c\u2019est la maison patronal du seigneur f\u00e9odal mineur, solide et ample, construite en position dominante au centre d\u2019une surface terri\u00e8re. Il diff\u00e8re du ch\u00e2teau pour l\u2019absence de tours et de structures fortifi\u00e9es.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00a0\u00bb26016,26007,2194,1988&Prime; show_pagination=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.0.92&Prime; title_font=\u00a0\u00bb|700|||||||\u00a0\u00bb title_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14&Prime; text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb pagination_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb51&Prime; pagination_line_height_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb2&Prime; box_shadow_style_image=\u00a0\u00bbpreset2&Prime;]&nbsp;<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.1&Prime; text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb15&Prime; text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h5>Seigneurs et princes<\/h5>\n<p>Autour du XIe si\u00e8cle, au d\u00e9but du Moyen \u00c2ge central, commence le demi-mill\u00e9naire dans lequel la civilisation italienne atteint son apog\u00e9e: dans le Nord de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Italie<\/a>, il ya un d\u00e9veloppement des municipalit\u00e9s qui deviendront des seigneuries et des principaut\u00e9s, avec leurs cours et leurs intrigues, mais aussi avec leur splendide croissance culturelle qui a fait de l\u2019Italie le coeur du Moyen \u00c2ge et de la Renaissance. Au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/le-sud-de-litalie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sud<\/a> les Normands prennent la place des Arabes et des Byzantins, et cr\u00e9ent un fort royaume qui ensuite passera dans les mains de la dynastie souabe, avec l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/frederic-ii-empereur-du-saint-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">empereur Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric II<\/a>. Il permettra d\u2019am\u00e9liorer encore l\u2019\u00e9tat en le centralisant bureaucratiquement et sa cour sera le centre de la culture et terrain commun de traditions grecques, juives et arabes.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce chapitre, on rapportera des informations de familles les plus importantes dans un territoire divis\u00e9 en 2 partis: <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guelfes_et_gibelins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">les Guelfes (soutenant le pape) et les Gibelins (soutenant l\u2019empereur du Saint Empire romain)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le territoire imp\u00e9rial:<br \/>\nDella Torre, Visconti, Sforza, Della Scala, Gonzaga, Ezzelini, Da Carrara, Da Camino<\/p>\n<p>Dans le territoire du pape:<br \/>\nEstensi, Da Polenta, Bentivoglio, Malatesta, Ordelaffi, Manfredi, Alidosi, Malatesta, Trinci, Varano, Gabrielli, Da Montefeltro, Baglioni<\/p>\n<p>En Toscane:<br \/>\nDe Medici<\/p>\n<p>Dans notre section \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/projet\/tours-suggeres\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tours sugg\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, nous proposons des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/projet\/route-des-chateaux-en-italie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">circuits priv\u00e9s<\/a> avec des guides locaux. Et maintenant nous allons d\u00e9couvrir cette incroyable p\u00e9riode de notre histoire par r\u00e9gion:<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25&Prime; background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&Prime;][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Lower-Castle-Marostica.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbMarostica moyen \u00e2ge ville fortifi\u00e9e place des \u00e9checs\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbMarostica moyen \u00e2ge ville fortifi\u00e9e place des \u00e9checs\u00a0\u00bb url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/le-nord-est-de-litalie\/region-venetie\/les-seigneurs-et-les-chateaux\/\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_overlay=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb overlay_icon_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb hover_overlay_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(12,113,195,0.32)\u00a0\u00bb hover_icon=\u00a0\u00bb%%52%%\u00a0\u00bb show_bottom_space=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb align_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb align_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.23&Prime; 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<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/span><\/span>Moyen \u00c2ge, \u00e2ge sombre, sites m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux Le Moyen \u00c2ge reconnu aussi comme les \u00ab \u00e2ges sombres\u00ab , normalement plac\u00e9 dans une p\u00e9riode inconnue, mais qui a vu la naissance des principales universit\u00e9s et la r\u00e9alisation des plus importantes cath\u00e9drales gothiques. Avec la fin de l\u2019Empire Romain les permanentes invasions barbares ont forc\u00e9 les gens [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.4 (Yoast SEO v22.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Moyen \u00c2ge un &quot;\u00e2ge sombre&quot;? - Tourisme en Italie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"moyen age, ch\u00e2teaux avec les seigneurs et les princes, les fortresses. le ch\u00e2teau habitation du seigneur f\u00e9odal, randonn\u00e9e avec chauffeur vtc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/excursions-journalieres-a-theme\/moyen-age-un-age-sombre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moyen \u00c2ge un &quot;\u00e2ge sombre&quot;?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"moyen age, ch\u00e2teaux avec les seigneurs et les princes, les fortresses. le ch\u00e2teau habitation du seigneur f\u00e9odal, randonn\u00e9e avec chauffeur vtc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/excursions-journalieres-a-theme\/moyen-age-un-age-sombre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tourisme en Italie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sightseeinginitaly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-13T18:42:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Castle-Villa-Giustinian-Piave-wine.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"427\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@sightseeing_in\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/excursions-journalieres-a-theme\/moyen-age-un-age-sombre\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sightseeinginitaly.com\/fr\/excursions-journalieres-a-theme\/moyen-age-un-age-sombre\/\",\"name\":\"Moyen \u00c2ge un \\\"\u00e2ge sombre\\\"? 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